torment of people transformed by illusions, there are these lines that bespeak Shakespeare’s intuition of the transforming powers of new media: Is there not charms By which the property of youth and maidhood May be abused? Have you not read Roderigo, Of some such thing? In Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida , which is almost completely devoted to both a psychic and social study of communication, Shakespeare states his awareness that true social and political navigation depend upon anticipating the consequences of innovation: The providence that’s in a watchful state